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Household Electricity

Single Phase Automatic Voltage Switch

Danielgonzalez
hace 5 años
hace 5 años
Hello everyone, I have the following humble design made to automate the control of irrigation, pool, and filling an entire tank with the same pump. The problem that presents itself to me is the voltage input on the pump starter board. At the same 2 possible voltage sources arrive, the one that sends the electron level of the tank (the selector being automatic or manual, of course) and the one that triggers from the irrigation panel when it is time to water or when it is activated manually . The problem that arises is that eventually both sources of tension could happen at the same time. Although, from what I understand, being parallel do not add tensions, the theory indicates that there would be no problems, but the reality is that being an origin of energy through a differential, most likely some Variations generate a spark on the pump board. Here then the question .... is there any device that allows 2 single-phase inputs and 1 single-phase output, and that automatically switches to the one with voltage? .... it would be something like XOR (exclusive OR) ... .. Or do you think of how to change the design to achieve the goal of automating all this? THANK YOU!!!! The differential of 25 is for the outside where I have other thermal lights, sockets, etc. But because of a wiring issue, I don't get any more cables to the outer panel. I arrive with a 3-wire sintenax, so I use phase and neutral to send the differential and the neutral of the selector key, as it is a cutting cable I do not send it to the differential so I leave the pump thermals outside of this differential. Anyway I have another differential beyond the thermal that comes from the main board (the one above all in the graph). Go the photos of what is inside the pump board .... (then I upload better photos, it looks little seems to me ....) IMG_20171205_182912.jpg [3.44MB] IMG_20171205_182925 (1) .jpg [3.91MB] IMG_20171205_182932.jpg[3.16mb][img]/js/ckeditor/plugins/attach/attach_25.png ] /plugins/attach/attach_25.png[/img[IMG_20180131_172557.jpg[2.98mb[
elektomaq
elektomaq
62.202
hace 5 años

You must use interlocks by contactors

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Danielgonzalez
hace 5 años

Thanks, could you expand a little more? How do they connect? how are they used? Any brand and model you can suggest? Thank you!!!

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elektomaq
elektomaq
62.202
hace 5 años

Then I see if I can make you an outline, meanwhile it is necessary to know what there is in what you call bomb board

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elektomaq
elektomaq
62.202
hace 5 años

The automatic level circuit is bad, it comes from the neutral and returns to the neutral when it should return to the board

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elektomaq
elektomaq
62.202
hace 5 años

The differential must include the entire circuit, a part cannot be excluded

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Danielgonzalez
hace 5 años

elektomaq first of all thanks a lot for the answers.
I always assumed that a possible solution could come from the side of understanding better what is inside the "bomb board".
I know little about electricity / electronics, I'm more of a hobbyist :) and some basic concepts can escape me.
For me the pump board is a "black box" that I give 220 and the pump starts, ha. I pass you some photos that I took some time ago for the connections, I think that the components need to be seen better, tell me if with this you intuit that it has or I will open it again and I will give you better photos ...

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Danielgonzalez
hace 5 años

For me it has the starting and running capacitors on that pump board.
The circuit comes from the neutral, because even as I understand and suggests the manufacturer of the electron level, they recommend cutting the neutral in case there is any leakage with water or something. That is why the cutting key works on the neutral I understand.
As for the differential, everything hangs from a differential that is behind the thermal saying "Main board", but do not draw it.

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Natas.cu
Natas.cu
490
hace 5 años
hace 5 años
You can use optocouplers for each voltage source that in the secondary govern a relay that activates a single power supply. An optocoupler for the electron level of the tank and another optocoupler for the irrigation panel. The phototransistors of the optocouplers in parallel activate a transistor, which can control a relay or a magnetic. Regards.
nastor
nastor
17.232
hace 5 años
hace 5 años
Hello As they told you, you must have two contactors, one for each task, one with an electrical interlock (when the filling works, open the irrigation command line, that is the priority), for that you must modify the circuit; the float system (or manual) activates a corresponding contactor that opens the filling solenoid valve, cuts the line to the irrigation solenoid valves and interlocks the other contactor; irrigation activates the other contactor. You should keep in mind that tank filling has priority, and always disconnects irrigation, and not vice versa. The function of the contactors is the handling of the valves, since it does not matter where the engine start order comes from, on that side it does not matter. So I would do it in the old style, it is logical that it requires a little study, but it is not difficult. Get in that task that we help you. Regards Well, I took the job ... Please check the details. The image can be enlarged The following image corresponds to a completely experimental configuration, to use an irrigation system valve to fill the tank, this is timed prior to each irrigation, the float works to cut the water flow allowing a minimum passage through a hole plate to have a very reduced circulation of water to the tank, which is taken into account when calibrating the level float. Do not analyze it much, see if it is possible. .
nastor
nastor
17.232
hace 5 años

Maybe what Natas says is the most convenient, but the truth that escapes my knowledge; What I described is pure electromechanics used forever. Regards

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Danielgonzalez
hace 5 años

Nastor !!! I re passed you !!!! ... This seems to be the solution that I ... I will see how I do to implement it, because the problem I have is that the general thermal is next to the selector key and the tank. And 40 meters away is the collector with valves, contactors, pump, etc. Both places are connected by 3 wires, and in the diagram that you passed me I need 4 wires (phase / neutral for differential voltage, and the 2 of 24v that goes to the bus and one to the contactor). The underground pipes are covered and not even a pin fits!

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Danielgonzalez
hace 5 años

Questions?:
1- I saw that you eliminated the PSR-22 Relay / Contactor of start of the irrigation, this is because the functions of contactor and start remain in the contactors that you added true ?, for that reason I see that the common cable goes to the contactor. True?
2- The selector key no longer cuts the neutral, this is because now the control does it over a low voltage? (24v)?
3- Is there no way to set the tank filling solenoid valve as 1 more solenoid valve of the irrigation controller? Is there a way that the electron level triggers the ignition of the controller and pump indicates the specific area? It can?

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nastor
nastor
17.232
hace 5 años

Hi. The first question was answered by yourself, a contactor is a contactor no matter how much we give it a different name, how important it is that the coil manages the irrigation, that is 24 volts.
The second, when we talk about low voltage control voltage, it does not matter neutral or live, on the other hand, even in 220 volts, it is a minor issue from my point of view.

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nastor
nastor
17.232
hace 5 años

I return to the contactor, it happens that we need auxiliary contacts, so the change is not a whim.
As for your third query, I had to study it, but in principle it seems unlikely, since irrigation has its own timed program and does not respond to a level control, and if we add this as a condition (for example rain sensors ), the result is always a pump stop order.

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nastor
nastor
17.232
hace 5 años

We can see the next option, which is to study if an irrigation valve (timed by the program) can always fill the tank before irrigation, that is likely to be done and you would not need another contactor or auxiliaries, just one (or two) extra solenoid valve (of recirculation) that will act when the float sends "full". Interesting, your order may be feasible, but remember that everything will be timed, that is, it is a routine of filling and irrigation, filling and irrigation, ...
... I upload an estimate diagram

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Danielgonzalez
hace 5 años

Nastor, this good as an experimental idea. But it seems to me that we are curling a lot in the tank problem :).
The tank is a tank of 1000 liters of water, irrigation is a program at night when everyone sleeps and another program at mid-morning, the probability that the tank needs pump water during irrigation, is really super super low! .... moreover, if by those coincidences the tank runs out of water, the pressurizing pump that draws water from the tank, has a control so that it does not suck empty and cuts alone.
Under these premises, can you think of a simpler circuit yet?

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